Which Bible translation should I read? Why are there so many options?
As a new believer, one of the first questions you might have is, “Which Bible translation is the best?” This is a common and important question, and the answer can be complex. Different translations serve different purposes and are influenced by various factors, including cultural bias. As a Christian theologian, I’ll provide an overview of the translation process, highlight some popular translations, and offer guidance on selecting a Bible translation for your personal study and devotional time.
The Translation Process
Translating the Bible from its original languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek) into modern languages involves several meticulous steps to ensure the accuracy and faithfulness of the text. Here’s a brief overview of this process:
- Manuscript Selection: Scholars begin by selecting the most reliable and ancient manuscripts. This step is crucial for ensuring the translation is based on the best available texts.
- Language Analysis: Translators study the original languages, focusing on grammar, syntax, idioms, and context. This deep understanding helps capture the original meaning accurately.
- Translation Principles: Translators decide on a translation philosophy. Formal equivalence (word-for-word) aims for literal accuracy, while dynamic equivalence (thought-for-thought) aims to convey the original meaning in a more accessible way.
- Translation Team: A team of scholars, linguists, and theologians collaborate to translate the text, bringing together diverse expertise. Historically, these teams have been mostly men.
- Review and Revision: The translation undergoes rigorous review and revision by other scholars and experts to ensure both accuracy and clarity.
- Publishing: The final translation is then published and made available to the public.
Popular Bible Translations
Here are some well-known Bible translations, each with its strengths and weaknesses:
- King James Version (KJV): This classic translation from 1611 uses formal equivalence. It’s known for its poetic language and historical significance but can be challenging to read due to archaic English.
- New International Version (NIV): A dynamic equivalence translation from 1978, it’s widely appreciated for its readability and accessibility, making it suitable for all ages.
- English Standard Version (ESV): A modern formal equivalence translation from 2001, known for its for its patriarchal perspective. Not my favorite.
- New American Standard Bible (NASB): This 1963 formal equivalence translation is praised for its precision and technical accuracy, making it ideal for in-depth study.
- New Living Translation (NLT): A dynamic equivalence translation from 1996, it uses clear and natural language, making it excellent for devotional reading.
- Revised Standard Version (RSV): A classic translation from 1952, using formal equivalence, it is respected for its scholarly approach and literary quality. Recently updated, you’ll find it in your Bible App as NRSVUE.
Cultural Bias and Its Influence
Every translation inevitably reflects some cultural bias, as translators are influenced by their own contexts and times. Understanding this can help you appreciate why translations differ and why some might resonate more with you than others. For example, older translations like the KJV reflect the English language and cultural norms of the 17th century, while modern translations like the NLT strive to be relevant to contemporary readers.
How to Select a Bible Translation
Choosing the right Bible translation depends on your personal needs and preferences. Here are some considerations:
- For In-Depth Study: Choose a formal equivalence translation like the NRSVUE, NASB, or NET. These are more literal and help you get closer to the original text. I prefer the NRSVUE for in-depth study. Online Bibles like the Blue Letter Bible is a great resource to access interlinear side-by-side to the Greek or Hebrew.
- For Devotional Reading: Opt for a dynamic equivalence translation like the NIV or NLT, which are easier to read and understand. I like the Message translation for devotional reading.
- For Literary Appreciation: If you enjoy poetic language, NKJV might be ideal for you.
- For Readability: The NIV and NLT are particularly accessible and suitable for new believers or those seeking clear and straightforward language.
Some recent translations are more gender-inclusive than others. The ESV, however, is one of the least gender-inclusive translations. The ESV is known for not including even one female scholar in their translation teams. Furthermore, the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood have plainly stated that the ESV is an “unapologetically complementarian” translation. That is, they believe the ESV upholds distinct gender roles (i.e. a gender hierarchy). (More on gender bias in the ESV here.)
The 2011 edition of the NIV is a more gender-inclusive translation, but I am disappointed by some translation decisions. In my opinion, both the ESV and the NIV have poorly translated a couple of key passages about the humanity of Jesus Christ. These verses about Jesus have been translated in the past in ways that highlight his male sex. But in the Greek New Testament, Jesus is rarely referred to as an anēr (an adult male); rather, he is typically referred to as an anthrōpos (“human”). While Jesus came to earth as a male human being, it is the fact that he became human that makes him the saviour of humanity. Women and girls are equally included in the salvation offered through Jesus.
Marg Mowczko
But I heard that the King James Version is the Authorized Version… what does that mean?
This video on Bible Translations helps to explain how we got so many English translations of the Bible.
The King James Version (KJV) of the Bible is also known as the “Authorized Version.” This designation carries historical and cultural significance. Here’s what it means:
Historical Context
The term “Authorized Version” originates from the early 17th century when the translation was commissioned by King James I of England. The background to this authorization involves several key points:
- Commissioning by King James I: In 1604, King James I convened the Hampton Court Conference, where he authorized a new translation of the Bible. The goal was to create a version that would be acceptable to all branches of Christianity in England and to address perceived issues in earlier translations.
- Response to Previous Translations: Prior translations, such as the Geneva Bible, were popular but contained marginal notes that were seen as controversial and politically sensitive. The Bishops’ Bible, another earlier version, was also widely used but lacked popularity among the general public and scholars.
- Unification Effort: The new translation aimed to unify the church and the nation under a single, authoritative text. This was intended to reduce religious conflict and provide a definitive English translation for public and private use.
- Authorization: Once completed in 1611, the translation was “authorized” for use in the Church of England. This meant it was officially sanctioned for public reading and liturgical use, making it the standard Bible for English-speaking Christians for many generations.
Significance of “Authorized Version”
The label “Authorized Version” underscores the official endorsement and wide acceptance of the KJV. Here are a few points highlighting its significance:
- Official Status: The authorization by King James I gave the KJV a formal status that previous translations lacked. This royal endorsement helped it gain widespread acceptance in both church and society.
- Standard Text: For centuries, the KJV was the standard Bible used in English-speaking churches. Its phrasing and vocabulary became deeply ingrained in the culture, influencing literature, language, and worship practices.
- Cultural Impact: The KJV’s impact extends beyond religious circles. Its literary style, majestic prose, and poetic rhythm have had a profound influence on English literature and language, contributing to its enduring legacy.
- Religious Unity: The creation of the Authorized Version was an effort to provide a single, uniform text that could help bridge divisions within Christianity in England. It was intended to be acceptable to both Anglicans and Puritans, although not all groups accepted it without reservation.
The King James Version, also known as the “Authorized Version,” was commissioned by King James I and officially sanctioned for use in the Church of England. It was widely accepted and influenced religious practice and cultural heritage. However, I believe that the language of the KJV can pose challenges for modern readers due to its archaic style. Words and phrases have evolved in meaning since 1611, which can lead to misunderstandings. For example, the term “helpmeet” has an outdated connotation that may contribute to issues related to hierarchy and gender equality.
How to Read the Bible
The Bible is the most influential book in human history, but what is it? This video series will help you understand the Bible and see its unified message. (Bible Project.com)
Additional Resources in a Typical Bible
Beyond the text, Bibles often include supplementary materials to enhance your study and understanding:
- Concordance: An alphabetical list of principal words used in the Bible, with references to where they occur. It helps you find passages and understand how specific words are used throughout the text.
- Atlas: Maps that show geographical locations mentioned in the Bible. This can help you visualize biblical events and understand their historical and cultural contexts.
- Study Notes: Explanations and insights provided by scholars, usually found at the bottom of the pages. These notes can help clarify difficult passages and offer historical background.
- Cross-References: Marginal notes that point you to related verses elsewhere in the Bible. These are useful for comparing scripture with scripture and gaining a broader understanding of biblical themes.
Conclusion
Selecting a Bible translation is a personal journey that involves considering your reading level, purpose, and preferences. Remember, the “best” translation is one that you can read, understand, and apply to your life. Whether you choose the poetic KJV, the readable NIV, the precise NET, or any other translation, the most important thing is that you engage with God’s Word and let it transform your heart and mind.
References:
- “The Bible: A Biography” by Karen Armstrong
- “How to Choose a Translation for All Its Worth” by Gordon D. Fee and Mark L. Strauss